With elevated blood pressure, a fatal pathology of the cardiovascular system develops. Characteristic jumps are dangerous to health, and in the absence of timely therapy, doctors do not exclude a hypertensive crisis. 30% of all patients face this problem, and the symptom is getting younger and younger.
what is hypertension
Arterial hypertension is an independent disease in which blood pressure is disturbed. If before only adult patients suffered from a characteristic ailment, now modern young people are also at risk. Arterial hypertension without timely treatment can cause disability, lead to the death of a person.
By measuring the outlet pressure, a double indicator is obtained. By deciphering it, you can get a real clinical picture. The first value characterizes the systolic (upper) pressure, corresponding to the force of contraction of the walls of the heart. The second is diastolic (lower), demonstrating the pathogenesis during myocardial relaxation. Hypertension can be diagnosed at home using a classic tonometer, but requires clarification in a hospital setting.
Degrees
The pathological process attacks gradually, the symptoms increase imperceptibly, frighten with their intensity and provoke other heart problems. In the body, hypertension manifests itself in one of three degrees: what it is, the cardiologist will tell you. The conditional classification of a characteristic disease with brief features is presented below:
- The first grade is elementary. The increase in blood pressure is insignificant, limited to 139-159 / 90-99 mm Hg. Art. At first, the symptom appears unexpectedly, then it disappears imperceptibly. Pathology can still be cured.
- The second degree is moderate. Possible deviations from the norm remain within 160–180/100–110 mm Hg. Art. , while it is almost impossible to stabilize this indicator. The risk of a hypertensive crisis increases.
- The third degree is pronounced. Deviations from the norm are frightening on their scale, approaching 180 and above / 111 mm Hg. Art. If hypertension manifests itself in this way, the degree of the pathological process leads to a violation of cardiac activity.
Types
This disease has several conditional classifications that help the specialist to characterize the clinical picture as accurately as possible, make a proper diagnosis and choose the most effective treatment for the timely relief of anxiety symptoms. All existing types of hypertension are briefly described below:
- by etiology: arterial hypertension of primary and secondary forms;
- symptomatic (secondary) hypertension: drug-induced, endocrine, hemodynamic, renal, neurogenic;
- due to complications: hypertensive crisis, malignant or labile hypertension.
Causes of hypertension
To ensure a long period of remission, it is important to study the etiology of the pathological process. The main causes of hypertension are poor blood circulation through the vessels, limited flow to the left ventricle of the heart. In modern medicine, there is a completely logical explanation for this: structural changes in blood vessels with age, the formation of blood clots and atherosclerotic plaques in their cavities.
in men
Women are more prone to a characteristic ailment, but it can also progress in the male body. The main causes of hypertension in men are presented below, but experts strongly recommend avoiding such provoking factors and eliminating them from your life in a timely manner. This is:
- stressful situations;
- genetic predisposition;
- bad habits;
- previously suffered injuries associated with a violation of the circulatory system;
- age-related changes in the blood vessels, loss of elasticity;
- alcoholism;
- Tendency or presence of one of the forms of obesity.
between women
Whether hypertension progresses in the female body, what it is, you can find out at the appointment with the local therapist - a highly specialized specialist. The diagnosis is unpleasant, difficult to treat effectively. To avoid complications in a timely manner, it is important to know the main causes of hypertension in women. This is:
- severe emotional shock, crisis, prolonged stress;
- overweight, obesity;
- disturbed hormonal background;
- premenopausal state;
- increased cholesterol in the blood;
- the advanced age of the patient.
signs of hypertension
Knowing what hypertension is, the patient must respond in a timely manner to changes in the general condition characteristic of the disease. Differentiating hypertension is not easy, this is the doctor's task, so it is important not to delay the diagnosis. There is instability of blood pressure, subject to external stimuli. Other signs of hypertension depend on the sex of the prospective cardiologist patient.
between women
Representatives of the weaker sex react sharply to the slightest changes in health, so it is easier for them to recognize the appearance of a problem in their own body. The disease can catch up with the patient in an "interesting position. "The main signs of hypertension in women are:
- spontaneous headache at different times of the day;
- landing of vision, loss of sharpness with sharp turns of the body and head;
- swelling of the lower extremities;
- excessive irritability;
- swelling of the face in the morning.
in men
Initially, patients feel no change in their general well-being, and minimal complaints refer to increased physical activity, excessive tiredness, or an environmental factor. Over time, the symptoms of hypertension in men become more pronounced, suggesting progressive heart failure. This is:
- reduced potency, problems in sex;
- decreased concentration;
- increased shortness of breath;
- depressive state;
- flies before the syndrome of the eyes with sudden movements.
Treatment
Knowing who hypertensive patients are, we can safely say that these people have to "sit" on pills all their lives in order to maintain their general health at the "satisfactory" mark. There is no way to completely cure the disease, but it is quite possible to treat it. If you are interested in how to treat hypertension, then the features of the conservative method are presented below. Necessary:
- Carry out all the necessary tests to determine the stage and form of the disease.
- Give up bad habits, follow a therapeutic diet.
- Regularly take drugs with antihypertensive action;
- Eliminate the risk of complications by regular examination by a specialist, folk remedies.
How to treat high blood pressure without medication
If there is no desire to take an antihypertensive agent, and the attitude to drugs is very negative, what to do about hypertension? Doctors recommend being in the fresh air more often, taking multivitamin complexes with iron content to maintain systemic circulation, giving up bad habits and choosing effective cardiovascular exercises. Don't lead an isolated lifestyle. However, at the stage of relapse, you still need to take antihypertensive drugs to avoid the risk of complications during the work of the myocardium.
Diet for hypertension and heart disease.
Therapeutic nutrition eliminates the consumption of salt, it aims to control the body's water balance. If hypertension is diagnosed, what exactly it is, how it is treated, the cardiologist will tell. For example, a diet for hypertension and heart disease provides for the following restrictions on the patient's usual diet. The following foods are considered prohibited:
- caffeinated beverages;
- sharpness, pickles, smoked meats;
- offal;
- alcohol;
- fatty food.
If this is chronic hypertension, what is it in terms of nutrition? Allowed:
- lean meat;
- salt-free cereals;
- dairy products.