Everyone with this diagnosis needs to know how blood pressure changes with hypertension. More and more people suffer from this disease. The disease is getting younger, so everyone should understand the principles of life with hypertension: both patients and their relatives. What kind of pressure is life-threatening, how to behave during an attack? Do heredity and lifestyle influence the development of the disease? Answering these questions will help prevent many unnecessary problems.
Pressure indicators for hypertension.
The main cause of hypertension is the narrowing of the lumen of the walls of blood vessels due to their spasm. This process occurs for several reasons: heredity, bad habits, stress, sedentary lifestyle. The main method to diagnose hypertension is to measure blood pressure. Since childhood, everyone is familiar with the numbers "from 120 to 80". They have their own name and meaning. The first number is an indicator of the functioning of the heart muscle, called systolic blood pressure (SBP). The second indicator evaluates the blood pressure between heartbeats, called diastolic blood pressure.
Symptoms of increased blood pressure are palpitations, nausea, shooting pain in the back of the head, dizziness, increased sweating, pain in the heart area and insomnia.
Doctors have deduced a direct relationship between blood pressure indicators and the degree of the patient's disease:
- Less than 120/80 are optimal numbers;
- 120–129/80–84 - normal pressure. A diagnosis is made: prehypertension;
- 130–139/85–89: high normal blood pressure. For hypertension;
- greater than or equal to 140/less than 90 – ISAH is diagnosed;
- 140–159/90–99: grade 1 hypertension;
- 160–179/100–109 —second degree;
- 3rd grade: more than 180/110.
The initial stages of the disease are usually asymptomatic. The first signs of the disease appear easily and the person simply does not notice them and gradually gets used to the symptoms. Hypertension continues to progress, changing blood vessels and increasing the chance of having a heart attack, stroke, or kidney problems. If hypertension is a common diagnosis in the family, it is necessary to periodically monitor blood pressure parameters to stop the disease at its inception.
How do you make the diagnostic?
| Research stages | What is being examined? | Note |
|---|---|---|
| pressure measurement | Indicator measurements every 15 to 30 minutes for several days. | - |
| Anamnesis | Detailed analysis of complaints and symptoms. | - |
| Physical exam | Measurement of temperature and blood pressure, palpation of the thyroid gland, examination of the skin. The condition of the arteries close to the surface is evaluated. | Symptoms of a long-term disease: an increase in the size of the heart, the presence of characteristic noises when listening with a stethoscope, blurred vision, spots, swelling of the legs. |
| Instrumental methods | Blood and urine for general analysis. | - |
| Blood biochemistry | Controls sugar, uric acid, K, Na, cholesterol. | |
| EKG | Angina is detected. | |
| fundus examination | Symptoms: narrowing of arteries, microbleeds, dilation of veins. | |
| Heart ultrasound | By appointment. | |
| chest x-ray | The limits of the heart muscle are revealed. |
What pressure is already dangerous?
Dangerous blood pressure indicators for humans are above 140/90. Depending on the numbers of the tonometer and the degree of changes, the patient's condition is stabilized in different ways. Stage 1, when functional changes occur, is characterized by insomnia, fatigue, and headaches. The attacks are short-lived and unstable. After taking sedatives in combination with rest, blood pressure drops. In the second stage, organic changes appear. To stop the attack, antihypertensive medications are prescribed. Crises are possible. Kidney function is impaired and vision decreases. The attacks are persistent and long-lasting. In the third stage, the indicators are never normal. Organic changes in internal organs and blood vessels can lead to strokes, blindness, heart attacks and heart failure.
What to do if you have high blood pressure?
How to stabilize blood pressure during an attack:
- Call an ambulance.
- Place a tablet under the tongue to speed up the absorption of the medication.
- Breathe evenly and try not to get nervous.
- To expand peripheral vessels, you can put mustard strips on your legs.
As a result, the load on the main vessels is reduced and a feeling of relief appears. The attack should pass gradually, over 2 to 4 hours, since a sharp jump in "hypertension - low blood pressure" has negative consequences, especially if the patient is elderly. Increased blood pressure can cause panic attacks. Hypertensive patients often experience high blood pressure. The tablets help relieve an attack; You should stop being nervous and follow the doctor's instructions. It is recommended to keep a sheet of paper with the order of actions during an attack in a visible place in order to do everything correctly. This helps to cope with panic and reduce blood pressure on your own.
To prevent a crisis, you should follow your doctor's recommendations.
Prevention
| General recommendations |
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